SELF-EFFICACY FOR TREATMENT IN OUTPATIENT CLINIC PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Abstract

INTRODUCTION. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) represents a major public health problem due to its high prevalence, complications, and social and economic repercussions. In Mexico, it affects 16.4% of the adult population, and in the state of Tamaulipas, its incidence is increasing even among young adults. Self-efficacy, defined as an individual’s confidence in performing self-care behaviors, is associated with greater therapeutic adherence and better glycemic control. OBJECTIVE. To estimate the level of self-efficacy for treatment and therapeutic control among patients with T2DM attending the outpatient clinic of a hospital in southern Tamaulipas, Mexico. METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS. The sample consisted mainly of women (78.2%) with a mean age of 58.3 years and an average disease duration of 14 years. Only 38.5% of participants achieved appropriate glycemic control (HbA1c < 7%). The instrument demonstrated high reliability (α >.88; KMO >.73). No significant differences were found in overall self-efficacy or in the dietary plan and medication dimensions across glycemic control groups. However, some items within the physical activity dimension—such as engaging in exercise despite tiredness or adverse conditions—showed statistically significant differences (p <.05). CONCLUSION. Overall self-efficacy did not differ according to therapeutic control; however, certain situational factors influence confidence in maintaining healthy behaviors. It is recommended to design educational interventions that strengthen situational self-efficacy and promote sustained metabolic control.