Effect of toluene on memory: A focus on humans, experimental models and treatment approaches

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AudienciaPúblico en generales_ES
CoberturaMéxicoes_ES
Fecha de ingreso2026-10-05T16:33:53Z
Fecha de publicación2025-01-01
ResumenInhalants remain an understudied class of drugs, despite their extensive usage in industrial settings and ease of access for misuse, particularly among children and adolescents. Toluene is a primary component of many volatile solvents. Memory impairment is frequently observed in individuals exposed to toluene in occupational settings and as recreational drug. Experimental data shows that toluene produces abnormalities in the key neurotransmitters and receptors in the hippocampus, cortex, striatum, brain regions related to memory. Acute exposure to toluene stimulates the release of glutamate, dopamine, and serotonin while inhibiting the release of acetylcholine. Toluene inhibits NMDA-type glutamate and nicotinic cholinergic receptors, while upregulating GABA-A receptors. During chronic exposure, increased expression of NR2B subunits of the NMDA receptor is a consistent finding. Toluene has been observed to decrease neurogenesis in developing and adult brains and is also involved in oxidative damage and apoptosis, both interrelated phenomena, thus contributing to alterations in memory. To reverse the cognitive impairments caused by toluene, novel non-pharmacological procedures, such as environmental enrichment, have shown potential in both humans and experimental animals. Pharmacological treatments have also been experimentally evaluated, mainly through the glycine co-agonist site, of the NMDA receptor. The study of the mechanisms by which toluene causes neurotoxicity is important for developing strategies for reverting damage to executive functions in occupationally exposed workers, as well as in individuals with substance abuse.es_ES
Doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/bs.ant.2025.02.002es_ES
URIhttps://riuat.uat.edu.mx/handle/123456789/5653
Idiomaenes_ES
EditorialElsevier Inc.es_ES
RelaciónAdvances in Neurotoxicologyes_ES
URL relacionadohttps://doi.org/10.1016/bs.ant.2025.02.002es_ES
DerechosAcceso restringido / Suscripción (Metadatos de producción científica)es_ES
Licenciahttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16eces_ES
FuenteAdvances in Neurotoxicology
Palabra claveAnimal modelses_ES
Palabra claveApoptosises_ES
Palabra claveHumanes_ES
Palabra claveInhalantses_ES
Palabra claveMemory impairmentes_ES
Palabra claveNeurogenesises_ES
Palabra claveNeurotransmitterses_ES
Palabra claveToluenees_ES
Palabra claveToxicityes_ES
Palabra claveTreatmentes_ES
TítuloEffect of toluene on memory: A focus on humans, experimental models and treatment approacheses_ES
TipoCapítulo Libroes_ES
ArbitradoHa sido Arbitradoes_ES
AutorMontes, Sergio
AutorPáez-Martínez, Nayeli
AutorMontes, Sergioes_ES
AutorPáez-Martínez, Nayelies_ES
InstituciónUniversidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas
InstituciónUniversidad Autónoma de Tamaulipases_ES
Rango de páginas1-39es_ES
URL relacionadahttps://doi.org/10.1016/bs.ant.2025.02.002
Tipo de artículoIndexado
Tipo de artículoIndexadoes_ES
Volumen14es_ES

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