Activity Patterns of Black Bears (Ursus americanus) and Their Relationship with the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) in the El Cielo Biosphere Reserve, Tamaulipas, Mexico

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AudienciaPúblico en generales_ES
CoberturaMéxicoes_ES
Fecha de ingreso2026-09-15T00:30:19Z
Fecha de publicación2026-01-01
ResumenThe daily activity patterns of wild animal species are driven by environmental conditions and plant productivity although the degree of dependence varies according to their ecological niche. Bear ecology is intrinsically linked to seasonal vegetative availability. As omnivores with high metabolic demands, these species rely heavily on botanical resources including fruits, seeds, and roots. Consequently, differences in primary productivity across the landscape influence how individuals distribute their circadian activity patterns. The Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) is a tool that quantifies the quality and vigor of vegetation. Relating the EVI to activity patterns allows us to understand how vegetation dynamics and conditions influence the use of time at different times of the day. This study analyzes the daily activity pattern of the American black bear (Ursus americanus) in the El Cielo Biosphere Reserve (ECBR) using camera traps and its association with spatial variations in the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). The results show that the daily activity pattern of the American black bear in the ECBR exhibits a diurnal–crepuscular tendency. In areas with high primary productivity and higher temperatures, activity occurs before sunrise and at sunset, with low activity during the rest of the day. In contrast, in areas with less vegetation and lower temperatures, activity occurs throughout the day. This suggests that, in the ECBR, the activity pattern of black bears could be modulated by temperature variations related to changes in vegetation productivity.es_ES
Doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/ecologies7020034es_ES
URIhttps://riuat.uat.edu.mx/handle/123456789/2255
Idiomaeses_ES
EditorialMDPI AGes_ES
RelaciónEcologieses_ES
URL relacionadohttps://doi.org/10.3390/ecologies7020034es_ES
DerechosAcceso abierto (Metadatos de producción científica)es_ES
Licenciahttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2es_ES
FuenteEcologies
TítuloActivity Patterns of Black Bears (Ursus americanus) and Their Relationship with the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) in the El Cielo Biosphere Reserve, Tamaulipas, Mexicoes_ES
TipoArtículoes_ES
ArbitradoHa sido Arbitradoes_ES
AutorWong-Smer, Jesse R.
AutorHorta-Vega, Jorge V.
AutorVenegas-Barrera, Crystian S.
AutorCarrera-Treviño, Rogelio
AutorGómez-Ortiz, Yuriana
AutorSoria-Díaz, Leroy
AutorWong-Smer, Jesse R.es_ES
AutorHorta-Vega, Jorge V.es_ES
AutorVenegas-Barrera, Crystian S.es_ES
AutorCarrera-Treviño, Rogelioes_ES
AutorGómez-Ortiz, Yurianaes_ES
AutorSoria-Díaz, Leroyes_ES
InstituciónUniversidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas
InstituciónUniversidad Autónoma de Tamaulipases_ES
Número2es_ES
Rango de páginas34es_ES
URL relacionadahttps://doi.org/10.3390/ecologies7020034
Tipo de artículoIndexado
Tipo de artículoIndexadoes_ES
Volumen7es_ES

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