Response to Two Standardized Exercise Tests in Dogs with Different Cephalic Biotypes

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AudienciaPúblico en generales_ES
CoberturaMéxicoes_ES
Fecha de ingreso2026-10-05T16:32:55Z
Fecha de publicación2025-01-01
ResumenSimple Summary Exercise tolerance tests are used to measure cardiorespiratory performance in dogs. The cephalic index and conformational differences in dogs are related to physiological alterations within each cephalic biotype. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of moderate exercise on dolichocephalic, mesocephalic, and brachycephalic biotypes by measuring physiological and conformational parameters. The findings suggest that the 6 minute, 1000 m exercise tests and morphometric evaluation are non-invasive and can be incorporated into daily clinical evaluation. These tests are well tolerated and allow recognition of cardiorespiratory changes in dogs, including brachycephalic biotypes with obstruction grades 2 and 3.Abstract Dogs are classified according to their total cephalic index into three biotypes: dolichocephalic, mesocephalic, and brachycephalic. The latter has emerged due to the deliberate selection of extreme phenotypic traits during breeding, which has intensified the expression of associated conformational defects and led to several medical disorders. The Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) is a respiratory condition directly linked to these conformational traits. Dogs affected by BOAS present a wide range of clinical signs, including respiratory noise, exercise intolerance, syncope episodes, or even sudden death. This study aimed to evaluate craniofacial anatomical differences and similarities among dogs of different cephalic biotypes (dolichocephalic, mesocephalic, and brachycephalic) and to determine how two exercise tolerance tests-a 6 min walk and a 1000 m walk-influence physiological parameters. Eighty dogs from different breeds were included and classified according to their biotype. Morphometric data from the head, body, and limbs were obtained. Additionally, physiological parameters, including heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and rectal temperature, were evaluated before and after the tolerance tests. The results indicated that dogs tolerated both exercise tests. Dolichocephalic and mesocephalic dogs showed a greater tolerance to or greater respiratory adaptation during walking. Despite the brachycephalic biotype, a wide dispersion at a distance of 1000 m, indicating that those with a higher BOAS grade did not require emergency medical assistance during the tests. However, evidence of rostral shortening (<38 mm), together with facial foreshortening and measurements >= 20 mm for necks, chest circumference, and nasal fold, suggested a higher risk of airway obstruction in brachycephalic dogs diagnosed with BOAS grades 2 and 3 compared to dolichocephalic and mesocephalic dogs. This anatomical conformation was associated with significant alterations in physiological parameters including heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation below 90\%, and temperature, which did not return to baseline values 10 min post-exercise. This showed significant differences between the biotypes in the distance in the 1000 m test (H = 11.74; p = 0.0028) and between the subdivisions (p = 0.0389), where G3 covered less distance than G2 (699.1 m vs. 932.77 m. These findings suggest that extreme brachycephalic conformation impairs the respiratory function and leads to thermoregulatory inefficiency, potentially compromising the animals' survival under physical stress. Moreover, the application of safe walking tests and non-invasive morphometric measurements is suggested to facilitate prompt diagnosis of BOAS.es_ES
Doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12111058es_ES
URIhttps://riuat.uat.edu.mx/handle/123456789/4758
Idiomaenes_ES
EditorialMDPIes_ES
RelaciónVeterinary Scienceses_ES
URL relacionadohttps://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12111058es_ES
DerechosAcceso abierto (Metadatos de producción científica)es_ES
Licenciahttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2es_ES
FuenteVeterinary Sciences
Palabra clavedolichocephalices_ES
Palabra clavemesocephalices_ES
Palabra clavebrachycephalices_ES
Palabra clavebrachycephalic obstructive airway syndromees_ES
TítuloResponse to Two Standardized Exercise Tests in Dogs with Different Cephalic Biotypeses_ES
TipoArtículoes_ES
ArbitradoHa sido Arbitradoes_ES
AutorReyes-Sotelo, Brenda
AutorMartinez-Burnes, Julio
AutorHernandez-Avalos, Ismael
AutorMora-Medina, Patricia
AutorDominguez-Oliva, Adriana
AutorTorres-Bernal, Fabiola
AutorGonzalez-Lopez, Cynthia
AutorMota-Rojas, Daniel
AutorReyes-Sotelo, Brendaes_ES
AutorMartinez-Burnes, Julioes_ES
AutorHernandez-Avalos, Ismaeles_ES
AutorMora-Medina, Patriciaes_ES
AutorDominguez-Oliva, Adrianaes_ES
AutorTorres-Bernal, Fabiolaes_ES
AutorGonzalez-Lopez, Cynthiaes_ES
AutorMota-Rojas, Danieles_ES
InstituciónUniversidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas
InstituciónUniversidad Autónoma de Tamaulipases_ES
Número11es_ES
URL relacionadahttps://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12111058
Tipo de artículoIndexado
Tipo de artículoIndexadoes_ES
Volumen12es_ES

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