Neuromarkers of Adaptive Neuroplasticity and Cognitive Resilience Across Aging: A Multimodal Integrative Review

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AudienciaPúblico en generales_ES
CoberturaMéxicoes_ES
Fecha de ingreso2026-10-05T16:33:33Z
Fecha de publicación2026-01-01
ResumenBackground: Aging is traditionally characterized by progressive structural and cognitive decline; however, increasing evidence shows that the aging brain retains a remarkable capacity for reorganization. This adaptive neuroplasticity supports cognitive resilience-defined as the ability to maintain efficient cognitive performance despite age-related neural vulnerability. Objective: To synthesize current molecular, cellular, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological neuromarkers that characterize adaptive neuroplasticity and to examine how these mechanisms contribute to cognitive resilience across aging. Methods: This narrative review integrates findings from molecular neuroscience, multimodal neuroimaging (fMRI, DTI, PET), electrophysiology (EEG, MEG, TMS), and behavioral research to outline multiscale biomarkers associated with compensatory and efficient neural reorganization in older adults. Results: Adaptive neuroplasticity emerges from the coordinated interaction of neurotrophic signaling (BDNF, CREB, IGF-1), glial modulation (astrocytic lactate metabolism, regulated microglial activity), synaptic remodeling, and neurovascular support (VEGF, nitric oxide). Multimodal neuromarkers-including preserved frontoparietal connectivity, DMN-FPCN coupling, synaptic density (SV2A-PET), theta-gamma coherence, and LTP-like excitability-consistently correlate with resilience in executive functions, memory, and processing speed. Behavioral enrichment, physical activity, and cognitive training further enhance these biomarkers, creating a bidirectional loop between experience and neural adaptability. Conclusions: Adaptive neuroplasticity represents a fundamental mechanism through which older adults maintain cognitive function despite biological aging. Integrating molecular, imaging, electrophysiological, and behavioral neuromarkers provides a comprehensive framework to identify resilience trajectories and to guide personalized interventions aimed at preserving cognition. Understanding these multilevel adaptive mechanisms reframes aging not as passive decline but as a dynamic continuum of biological compensation and cognitive preservation.es_ES
Doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint18010010es_ES
URIhttps://riuat.uat.edu.mx/handle/123456789/5383
Idiomaenes_ES
EditorialMDPIes_ES
RelaciónNeurology Internationales_ES
URL relacionadohttps://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint18010010es_ES
DerechosAcceso abierto (Metadatos de producción científica)es_ES
Licenciahttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2es_ES
FuenteNeurology International
Palabra claveaginges_ES
Palabra claveneuroplasticityes_ES
Palabra clavecognitive resiliencees_ES
Palabra claveneuromarkerses_ES
Palabra claveBDNFes_ES
Palabra clavefMRIes_ES
Palabra claveelectrophysiologyes_ES
Palabra claveneuroimaginges_ES
Palabra clavecompensationes_ES
Palabra claveaging braines_ES
TítuloNeuromarkers of Adaptive Neuroplasticity and Cognitive Resilience Across Aging: A Multimodal Integrative Reviewes_ES
TipoArtículoes_ES
ArbitradoHa sido Arbitradoes_ES
AutorNeyra Chauca, Jordana Mariane
AutorOrnelas Sanchez, Manuel de Jesus
AutorGarcia Quintana, Nancy
AutorMartin del Campo Marquez, Karen Lizeth
AutorCarvajal Juarez, Brenda Areli
AutorMendoza, Nancy Rojas
AutorAguilar Diaz, Martha Ayline
AutorNeyra Chauca, Jordana Marianees_ES
AutorOrnelas Sanchez, Manuel de Jesuses_ES
AutorGarcia Quintana, Nancyes_ES
AutorMartin del Campo Marquez, Karen Lizethes_ES
AutorCarvajal Juarez, Brenda Arelies_ES
AutorMendoza, Nancy Rojases_ES
AutorAguilar Diaz, Martha Aylinees_ES
InstituciónUniversidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas
InstituciónUniversidad Autónoma de Tamaulipases_ES
Número1es_ES
URL relacionadahttps://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint18010010
Tipo de artículoIndexado
Tipo de artículoIndexadoes_ES
Volumen18es_ES

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