Los factores que explican la mayor aglomeración de la industria de alta tecnología en la frontera norte de México: el caso de Matamoros y Reynosa The factors that explain the major agglomeration of the industry of high technology in the north border of Mexico: the case of Matamoros and Reynosa

Abstract

ResumenEn las ultimas tres decadas, la distribucion geografica de la manufactura provoco nue-vas concentraciones en la industria de alta tecnologia. Este estudio analiza desde las externalidades pecuniarias y tecnologicas hasta los factores del cambio en la aglomera-cion de dicha industria. Se aplico un cuestio-nario a 55 establecimientos en Matamoros y Reynosa, en Tamaulipas. Los resultados deno tan que la mayor concentracion de la industria fue motivada por la ubicacion geo-grafica de los municipios, el acceso a mano de obra no calificada y barata, y la disponibi-lidad de infraestructura urbana, entre otros. No hay, pues, evidencia a favor de que las externalidades pecuniarias y tecnologicas determinasen la aglomeracion de la indus-tria de alta tecnologia en estas ciudades. Palabras clave: manufactura, alta tecnologia, aglomeracion y externalidades. JEL: C83, R11, R12, L62, L63.AbstractIn the last three decades the geographical distribution of manufacturing change sub-stantially, prompting new concentrations, particularly in the high tech industry. In this sense, the aim of this study is to know and analyze from the perspective of pecu-niary and technological externalities factors that explain the change in the agglomera-tion of high-tech manufacturing. To do so, a questionnaire was applied to 55 manufac-turing facilities located in Matamoros and Reynosa in Tamaulipas. The results indi-cate that the highest concentration of high-tech industry has been motivated mainly by the geographic location of the munici-palities, access to unskilled labor and cheap availability of urban infrastructure, among others. This means that there is no evi-dence for the pecuniary and technological externalities determine the agglomeration of high-tech industry in these cities.